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Child Language Teaching and Therapy, Vol. 8, No. 3, 229-245 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/026565909200800301

Unexpected events and their effect on children's language

Carolyn Sipe McClenny

Emory University Hospital Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Atlanta

Joanne Erwick Roberts

Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center and Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Thomas L. Layton

Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

This study examined the effects of using unexpected events on children's communicative behaviour. These events included mislabelling objects or actions (e.g. calling a cup an elephant), making objects inaccessible (e.g. placing a desired object in a closed, zip-lock bag), and violating object function (e.g. trying to pour from a closed bottle). Although many language interventionists have suggested that unexpected events increase communication behaviour, this has not been empirically studied. Ten developmentally-delayed preschool children were tested in two play sessions, one which used unexpected events, and one which did not. Results indicated that children communicated more frequently during the session that used these events. In addition, the unexpected event of withholding objects was associated with more communication attempts than the other two types of events.


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N. Bozic, L. Cooper, A. Etheridge, and A. Selby
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Child Language Teaching and Therapy, February 1, 1995; 11(1): 91 - 105.
[Abstract] [PDF]